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Taliban bans many subjects for women in Afghan varsities_我的网站

一 |     “本来欠款人长期失联、电话不通，一笔汽车维修费拖了两年也没结果，还好有你们帮忙，找到欠款人亲属圆满化解了我们两家的矛盾。

二 | ”两年前，在春江街道工作的苏先生，遇上了一起典型的基层拖欠纠纷事件，但近日，在富阳区全域推广的“村社书记解纷团”模式下，短短数日事件就得到了妥善处理。参与矛盾化解的“村社书记解纷团”成员之一、环山乡诸佳坞村村党总支书记陈如明，对此也深有体会：“传统的属地调解模式，经常会受限于镇街地域与行业领域，现在通过这种模式打破了村与村的界限，全区各地的复杂疑难纠纷，都能统一管理研判，根据纠纷情况精准匹配对口的工作小组，真正实现‘专业人解专业事’。    Kabul, Oct 15 (UNI) A year after banning most teenage girls from attending school, the Taliban are imposing sweeping restrictions on which courses women can enroll for in at public universities, a BBC report said.

The choice for female students can vary from university to university, and depending on which part of the country you're in, the BBC found. Women are allowed to take medicine and nursing in all provinces, as well as teacher training and Islamic studies.

But veterinary science, engineering, economics and agriculture appear off-limits to women nationwide, while opportunities to study journalism are extremely limited.

The militant group have said the correct "Islamic environment" needs to be created for older girls to be allowed back into schools. However, more than a year after they returned to power this still has not happened in most provinces, with reports suggesting hardliners in the group remain opposed to it.

Many girls did not get to complete their final year at school as girls were banned from high school by the Taliban after they seized power in August 2021, the BBC said.

The Taliban did, however, make the decision that girls who were in the last year of school could also sit university entrance exams.

This hope though appears short-lived with the limitations on the subjects being introduced for women only.

At several universities, the BBC report said, female students were given the option of taking a test in subjects such as nursing, midwifery or literature, which are among the courses on offer at the seven faculties open to them at Nangarhar, but not in journalism.

University professors who supervised the entrance examination there confirmed to the BBC that boys would be allowed to choose any subject they want.

Officials expect 100,000 students (including 30,000 women) were likely to take university entrance exams in Afghanistan this year, the BBC said.

The academic year starts either in March or August, and it usually takes two to three months for entrance exam results to be announced. Now, with the Taliban back in power, nobody is sure when the results will be released, the BBC reported.

Male and female students have been taking the exams separately - in line with Taliban rules on segregating students by gender - for example boys in the morning, girls in the afternoon or by using screens in exam halls. In some provinces where the candidate numbers were high, entrance exams were held over two or three days.

Activists told the BBC, the number of female students applying for university will fall dramatically in the coming years, unless the Taliban reopen secondary schools to girls from grades 6 to 12.

Taliban officials are downplaying the restrictions. Abdul Qadir Khamush, who heads the examinations division in the Ministry of Higher Education, says girls can choose their favourite subject, with the exception of just three or four.

"We need to provide separate classes for women. In some areas the number of female candidates are low. So we are not allowing women to apply for certain courses."

Officials are yet to reveal the number of university places on offer this year.

Afghanistan's education sector was badly affected after the Taliban takeover and there has been an exodus of trained academics after the withdrawal of US-led forces last year.

The country's economy has been largely dependent on foreign aid in recent decades, but aid agencies have partly - and in some cases fully - withdrawn support to the education sector after the Taliban refused to allow girls into all secondary schools.

Many of the teaching staff who remain go unpaid for months, the BBC reported.

Taliban restrictions on which subjects girls can study are not always uniformly applied across the country, the BBC discovered. For instance, in Kabul University, girls are still allowed on some courses in the journalism faculty.

But girls cannot circumvent the distance-rule. The Taliban have divided the country into a number of zones and girls are not allowed to study outside them, in what amounts to another very serious restriction based on sex, the BBC found.

UNI ING。”比如在这次解纷过程中，以村社书记为代表的属地工作人员就起了关键作用，发挥“地头熟、信息灵”的本地治理优势，逐步摸排找到了欠款人亲属，再由专业人士反复上门沟通说明利害关系，最终促成了亲属代为结清全部款项的结果，使得原本大概率要走诉讼程序的纠纷，就地闭环处置。

三 | 今年6月以来，富阳区创新开展探索，多部门联合成立了“村社书记解纷团”。由15名政治素质过硬、群众工作能力强、调解经验丰富的村社党组织书记领衔、配套法官助理、专业律师等，组建“解纷团”工作小组，构建起基层协同就地解纷的新模式，并建立“收集—研判—派单—调解—反馈”的全流程闭环工作机制，将小额劳务欠薪难题、跨国债务历史纠纷、牵扯多重债权关系的复杂矛盾等一批群众身边的“烦心事”化解在前端。“解纷团”运行两月，已成功化解久拖未决、疑难复杂纠纷19件，为提升基层治理效能注入了“头雁”力量。“新模式尤其注重乡情法理的平衡，最大程度上兼顾了效率和规范。尤其在面对专业度较高的复杂纠纷时，效果明显。

四 | ”鹿山街道东吴社区党委书记王丽敏，在处置一起新旧债务共存的家具尾款拖欠纠纷时，注意到了“解纷团”工作模式带来的另一变化。在新模式下，团内律师与法官助理介入其中，让一笔笔债务归属变得清晰，原本双方各执一词的僵局终于被打破，不仅当场结清了家具尾款，旧账也有了维权去处。而像王丽敏这样的村社书记在事件中则扮演了情绪疏导的“解压阀”角色，大大减轻了基层解纷的负担。富阳区委组织部相关负责人表示，目前，“村社书记解纷团”已初步总结形成了“找准突破口、多方聚合力、依法促和解”的工作经验。下一步，全区将持续迭代“解纷团”工作机制，通过举办“书记讲给书记听”沙龙、领雁学堂等方式，持续提升队伍实战水平。同时，系统提炼典型案例中的调解方法，推动矛盾纠纷从解决“一件事”到“一类事”延伸，进一步拓展党建引领基层治理的广度与深度，助力杭州书写超大城市基层善治答卷。

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Published on:19:44:07